Engineer Daniel Ríos from UNA’s Facultad Politécnica warned that Paraguay must prepare for a future scenario of importing energy from Brazil via Itaipu as domestic consumption approaches its 50% ownership share. He recommended incorporating “bidirectionality” in the Annex C revision to ensure energy security during droughts or when new local generation (solar, small hydro) lags. Historically, Paraguay has ceded surplus to Brazil due to its smaller market, but this dynamic is shifting. Ríos suggested maintaining compensation mechanisms and enabling ANDE to sell directly in Brazil’s market. He viewed the current surplus as a temporary “wildcard” and called for treaty adjustments or complementary agreements to support Paraguay’s “transition to energy maturity.”